What are Heberden's nodes?

• A. Inflammatory growths on the spine
• B. Bony changes in the hands
• C. Joint cysts in the elbow
• D. Fluid-filled sacs in the knee

Answer: (B)

Heberden's nodes are indeed characterized as bony changes in the hands, specifically forming at the distal interphalangeal joints (the joints closest to the fingertips). These nodes are typically associated with osteoarthritis and are a result of the formation of bone spurs (osteophytes) due to the degenerative changes occurring in the cartilage of the affected joints. As the cartilage wears down, the bone reacts by producing these bony growths, leading to visible nodules that are often painless but can sometimes be accompanied by discomfort or stiffness in the affected fingers. Their presence is a classic clinical sign of osteoarthritis and can serve as an important diagnostic feature during physical examinations of patients with this condition.