Which spinal injury is commonly caused by extension of the spine?

• A. Ankylosing spondylitis
• B. Anterior avulsion
• C. Thoracic kyphosis
• D. Posterior ligament rupture

Answer: (B)

The correct answer pertains to anterior avulsion, which is a type of spinal injury typically associated with extension mechanisms. When the spine is extended, there is a significant force placed on the anterior aspect of the vertebrae. This can lead to a fracture or an avulsion injury at the site where the spinal ligaments attach to the bone. During extension, the anterior longitudinal ligament can become stressed, which may result in a fracture or tear.

In contrast, other conditions mentioned—such as ankylosing spondylitis or thoracic kyphosis—are generally associated with chronic inflammatory processes or developmental issues rather than acute trauma due to extension. Similarly, posterior ligament rupture can occur but is more commonly associated with flexion injuries rather than extension-related mechanisms. Thus, anterior avulsion specifically highlights the acute nature of the injury that results from excessive extension forces on the spine.